Scientific Publications Citing SAS Microbial Air Samplers

Bioscience International's SAS (Surface Air System) active microbial air samplers have been used, evaluated, or compared in an industry-leading volume of published, peer-reviewed scientific research. A third-party literature review study identified 144 scientific publications in which an identifiable SAS sampler was used or evaluated, spanning: healthcare, pharmaceutical and biotechnology cleanrooms, food production, occupational and environmental microbiology, aerospace research, and direct studies of sampler performance.

This citation research demonstrates that SAS air samplers from Bioscience International are the #1 most used and scientifically cited air sampler in the world.  All scientific citations found by this study are listed below.

Research highlights & SAS model selection

Note: for a focused, curated discussion of direct sampler-performance studies, and documented operating experience (NASA and government use, pharmaceutical and biotechnology cleanrooms, hospitals, etc.), see SAS Microbial Air Samplers: Trusted in Demanding Environments.

For help selecting a specific model of SAS air sampler to best match your specific application, see: Selecting a Microbial Air Sampler or contact Bioscience International for a model recommendation and/or quote.

Complete List of All 144 Scientific Publications Citing SAS Air Samplers

1. Lee KS, Bartlett KH, Brauer M, Stephens GM, Black WA, Teschke K. A field comparison of four samplers for enumerating fungal aerosols I. Sampling characteristics. Indoor Air. 2004;14(5):360–366. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00259.x. Wiley | PubMed
2. Nguyen DB, Gupta N, Abou-Daoud A, et al. A polymicrobial outbreak of surgical site infections following cardiac surgery at a community hospital in Florida, 2011-2012. American Journal of Infection Control. 2014;42(4):432–435. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2013.11.021. ScienceDirect | PubMed Central
3. Martin-Pozas T, Fernandez-Cortes A, Calaforra JM, Sanchez-Moral S, Saiz-Jimenez C, Jurado V. Aerobiology and Environmental Zonation in Gypsum Caves: A Comparative Study of Culturing and NGS Approaches. Microbial Ecology. 2025;88(1):95. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-025-02591-4. Springer Nature | PubMed Central
4. Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Domínguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Caldeira AT, Saiz-Jimenez C. Aerobiology from an Inactive Pyrite Mine: the Genome Sequence of the Airborne Pseudomonas sp. Strain L5B5. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 2021;10(48):e0102921. DOI: 10.1128/mra.01029-21. ASM Journals | PubMed Central
5. Alum A, Isaacs GZ. Aerobiology of the built environment: Synergy between Legionella and fungi. American Journal of Infection Control. 2016;44(9 Suppl):S138–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.06.004. ScienceDirect | PubMed
6. Porca E, Jurado V, Martin-Sanchez PM, et al. Aerobiology: An ecological indicator for early detection and control of fungal outbreaks in caves. Ecological Indicators. 2011;11(6):1594–1598. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.04.003. ScienceDirect
7. Cheng VC, Wong SC, Chan VW, et al. Air and environmental sampling for SARS-CoV-2 around hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2020;41(11):1258–1265. DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.282. Cambridge University Press | PubMed Central
8. Pacchioni F, Esposito A, Giacobazzi E, Bettua C, Struffi P, Jousson O. Air and waterborne microbiome of a pharmaceutical plant provide insights on spatiotemporal variations and community resilience after disturbance. BMC Microbiology. 2018;18(1):124. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1267-8. Springer Nature | PubMed Central
9. Tselebonis A, Nena E, Panopoulou M, Kontogiorgis C, Bezirtzoglou E, Constantinidis T. Air Contamination in Different Departments of a Tertiary Hospital. Assessment of Microbial Load and of Antimicrobial Susceptibility. Biomedicines. 2020;8(6):163. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060163. MDPI | PubMed Central
10. Pasquarella CIM, Auxilia F, Barchitta M, et al. Air microbial sampling in operating theatres by active and passive methods: equation correlation from the GISIO-ISChIA study results and comparison with the EU GGMP recommendation, towards the definition of threshold values. Acta Biomedica Atenei Parmensis. 2023;94(1):e2023017. DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i1.14012. Mattioli 1885 / Acta Biomedica | PubMed Central | PubMed
11. Napoli C, Tafuri S, Montenegro L, et al. Air sampling methods to evaluate microbial contamination in operating theatres: results of a comparative study in an orthopaedics department. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2012;80(2):128–132. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.10.011. ScienceDirect | PubMed
12. Napoli C, Marcotrigiano V, Montagna MT. Air sampling procedures to evaluate microbial contamination: a comparison between active and passive methods in operating theatres. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):594. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-594. Springer Nature / BMC | PubMed Central
13. Borrego S, Vivar I, Molina A. Air- and dustborne fungi in repositories of the National Archive of the Republic of Cuba. Microbial Cell. 2022;9(5):103–122. DOI: 10.15698/mic2022.05.776. Microbial Cell | PubMed Central
14. Horner WE, Worthan AG, Morey PR. Air- and dustborne mycoflora in houses free of water damage and fungal growth. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2004;70(11):6394–6400. DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.11.6394-6400.2004. ASM Journals | PubMed Central
15. Dominguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Rogerio-Candelera MA, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Airborne bacteria in show caves from Southern Spain. Microbial Cell. 2021;8(10):247–255. DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.10.762. Microbial Cell | PubMed Central
16. Bache SE, Maclean M, Gettinby G, Anderson JG, MacGregor SJ, Taggart I. Airborne bacterial dispersal during and after dressing and bed changes on burns patients. Burns. 2015;41(1):39–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.05.015. ScienceDirect | PubMed
17. Dominguez-Moñino I, Jurado V, Rogerio-Candelera MA, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Airborne Fungi in Show Caves from Southern Spain. Applied Sciences. 2021;11(11):5027. DOI: 10.3390/app11115027. MDPI
18. Baldelli G, Aliano MP, Amagliani G, et al. Airborne Microorganism Inactivation by a UV-C LED and Ionizer-Based Continuous Sanitation Air (CSA) System in Train Environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(3):1559. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031559. MDPI | PubMed Central
19. Coccia AM, Gucci PM, Lacchetti I, Paradiso R, Scaini F. Airborne microorganisms associated with waste management and recovery: biomonitoring methodologies. Annali dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità. 2010;46(3):288–292. DOI: 10.4415/ann_10_03_11. PubMed
20. Borrego S, Perdomo I. Airborne microorganisms cultivable on naturally ventilated document repositories of the National Archive of Cuba. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016;23(4):3747–3757. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5585-1. Springer Nature | PubMed
21. Martin-Sanchez P, Jurado V, Porca E, et al. Airborne microorganisms in Lascaux Cave (France). International Journal of Speleology. 2014;43(3):295–303. DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.43.3.6. International Journal of Speleology | University of South Florida repository
22. Ostović M, Pučko I, Ekert Kabalin A, et al. An Exploratory Study of Airborne Fungal Contamination and Its Association with Microclimate Conditions as Regards Sustainable Zoo Development. Sustainability. 2026;18(8):4007. DOI: 10.3390/su18084007. MDPI
23. Dreikausen L, Blender B, Trifunovic-Koenig M, et al. Analysis of microbial contamination during use and reprocessing of surgical instruments and sterile packaging systems. PLOS ONE. 2023;18(1):e0280595. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280595. PLOS | PubMed Central
24. Yao M, Mainelis G. Analysis of portable impactor performance for enumeration of viable bioaerosols. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2007;4(7):514–524. DOI: 10.1080/15459620701407388. Taylor & Francis | PubMed
25. Lukaszuk C, Krajewska-Kułak E, Baran E, et al. Analysis of the incidence of fungal pathogens in air of the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of Medical University in Wrocław. Advances in Medical Sciences. 2007;52(Suppl 1):15–17. PubMed
26. Xu Z, Mkrtchyan HV, Cutler RR. Antibiotic resistance and mecA characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from three hotels in London, UK. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2015;6:947. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00947. Frontiers | PubMed Central
27. Nguyen HD, Jančič S, Meijer M, et al. Application of the phylogenetic species concept to Wallemia sebi from house dust and indoor air revealed by multi-locus genealogical concordance. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(3):e0120894. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120894. PLOS | PubMed Central | PubMed
28. Nardoni S, Ceccherelli R, Rossi G, Mancianti F. Aspergillosis in Larus cachinnans micaellis: survey of eight cases. Mycopathologia. 2006;161(5):317–321. DOI: 10.1007/s11046-006-0012-2. Springer Nature | PubMed
29. Fernández M, Cattana M, Rojas F, et al. Aspergillus species in hospital environments with pediatric patients in critical condition. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. 2014;31(3):176–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.09.007. ScienceDirect | PubMed
30. Szulc J, Cichowicz R, Gutarowski M, Okrasa M, Gutarowska B. Assessment of Dust, Chemical, Microbiological Pollutions and Microclimatic Parameters of Indoor Air in Sports Facilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023;20(2):1551. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021551. MDPI | PubMed Central
31. Fahad Alomirah H, Moda HM. Assessment of Indoor Air Quality and Users Perception of a Renovated Office Building in Manchester. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(6):1972. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061972. MDPI | PubMed Central
32. Legnani P, Checchi L, Pelliccioni GA, D'Achille C. Atmospheric contamination during dental procedures. Quintessence International. 1994;25(6):435–439. PubMed
33. Liguori G, Bagattini M, Gallè F, Negrone M, Di Onofrio V, Triassi M. Automated cleaning of fan coil units with a natural detergent-disinfectant product. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 2010;9(1):29. DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-9-29. Springer Nature / BMC | PubMed Central
34. Gangneux JP, Robert-Gangneux F, Gicquel G, et al. Bacterial and fungal counts in hospital air: comparative yields for 4 sieve impactor air samplers with 2 culture media. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2006;27(12):1405–1408. DOI: 10.1086/508840. Cambridge University Press | PubMed
35. Cristina ML, Spagnolo AM, Sartini M, et al. Can particulate air sampling predict microbial load in operating theatres for arthroplasty?. PLOS ONE. 2012;7(12):e52809. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052809. PLOS | PubMed Central
36. Tamran KN, Mat Radzi NA, Suhaimi NF. Classroom indoor air quality and its association with sick Building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in a Malaysian university setting. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):37223. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-21013-6. Nature | PubMed Central
37. Triggiano F, Caggiano G, Capozzi L, et al. Clinical and environmental investigation of six cases of Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae infections in a Southern Italian hospital. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):39814. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-24632-1. Nature | PubMed Central
38. Garcia-Anton E, Cuezva S, Jurado V, et al. Combining stable isotope (δ13C) of trace gases and aerobiological data to monitor the entry and dispersion of microorganisms in caves. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2014;21(1):473–484. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1915-3. Springer Nature | PubMed
39. Warren BG, Graves A, Barrett A, et al. Comparing rapid molecular and culture methods for detecting fungal contamination in healthcare environments. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2026;47(8):805–814. DOI: 10.1017/ice.2026.10491. Cambridge University Press | PubMed Central
40. Petti S, Iannazzo S, Tarsitani G. Comparison between different methods to monitor the microbial level of indoor air contamination in the dental office. Annali di Igiene. 2003;15(5):725–733. PubMed
41. Bellin P, Schillinger J. Comparison of field performance of the Andersen N6 single stage and the SAS sampler for airborne fungal propagules. Indoor Air. 2001;11(1):65–68. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0668.2001.011001065.x. Wiley | PubMed
42. Krajewska-Kułak E, Gniadek A, Łukaszuk C, Macura AB, Kułak W. Comparison of results of air study using apparatus SAS SUPER 100 with MAS 100. Preliminary study. Mikologia Lekarska. 2009;16(1):34–39. Polish Platform of Medical Research
43. Krajewska-Kułak E, Łukaszuk C, Gniadek A, et al. Comparison of results of the fungal air pollution in the long-term care departments using SAS SUPER 100 and AIR IDEAL samplers. Mikologia Lekarska. 2010;17(4):221–227. Polish Platform of Medical Research
44. Łukaszuk C, Krajewska-Kułak E, Guzowski A, Kułak W, Kraszyńska B. Comparison of the Results of Studies of Air Pollution Fungi Using the SAS Super 100, MAS 100, and Air IDEAL. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017;14(7):815. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070815. MDPI | PubMed Central | PubMed
45. Sánchez-Muñoz M, Muñoz-Vicente M, Cobas G, Portela R, Amils R, Sánchez B. Comparison of three high-flow single-stage impaction-based air samplers for bacteria quantification: DUO SAS SUPER 360, SAMPL'AIR and SPIN AIR. Analytical Methods. 2012;4(2):399–405. DOI: 10.1039/c1ay05562c. Royal Society of Chemistry
46. Dougall LR, Booth MG, Khoo E, et al. Continuous monitoring of aerial bioburden within intensive care isolation rooms and identification of high-risk activities. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2019;103(2):185–192. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.05.010. ScienceDirect | PubMed Central | PubMed
47. Weber CF, Werth JT. Culturing life from air: using a surface air system to introduce discovery-based research in aerobiology into the undergraduate biology curriculum. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education. 2015;16(1):72–74. DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.v16i1.813. ASM Journals | PubMed Central
48. Leenders AC, van Belkum A, Behrendt M, Luijendijk A, Verbrugh HA. Density and molecular epidemiology of Aspergillus in air and relationship to outbreaks of Aspergillus infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1999;37(6):1752–1757. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.6.1752-1757.1999. ASM Journals | PubMed Central
49. Fernandez-Cortes A, Cuezva S, Sanchez-Moral S, et al. Detection of human-induced environmental disturbances in a show cave. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2011;18(6):1037–1045. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0513-5. Springer Nature | PubMed
50. Grogan SNCM, Han TT, Mainelis G. Development and initial testing of an active low-power, ferroelectric film-based bioaerosol sampler. Aerosol Science and Technology. 2022;56(12):1132–1145. DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2022.2128985. Taylor & Francis | PubMed Central
51. Ziros PG, Kokkinos PA, Legaki E, Vantarakis A. Development of an optimized method for the detection of airborne viruses with real-time PCR analysis. Virology Journal. 2011;8(1):369. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-369. Springer Nature | PubMed Central
52. Caredda C, Franchitti E, Gilli G, Pignata C, Traversi D. Direct Impact of the Air on Mutant Cells for Mutagenicity Assessments in Urban Environments. Microorganisms. 2024;12(1):3. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010003. MDPI | PubMed Central
53. Borrego S, Molina A, López L. Distribution and diversity of the fungal pollution in repositories of the provincial historical archive of Villa Clara, Cuba. Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation. 2022;10(3):109–120. DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2022.10.00360. MedCrave | MedCrave (article PDF)
54. Jerry J, O'Regan E, O'Sullivan L, Lynch M, Brady D. Do established infection prevention and control measures prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 to the hospital environment beyond the patient room?. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020;105(4):589–592. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.026. ScienceDirect | PubMed Central
55. Hashimoto K, Kawakami Y. Effectiveness of Airborne Fungi Removal by using a HEPA Air Purifier Fan in Houses. Biocontrol Science. 2018;23(4):215–221. DOI: 10.4265/bio.23.215. J-STAGE / journal | PubMed
56. Dolcini J, Lucesoli A, Firmani G, et al. Effectiveness of downflow ultraclean air in operating theatres: a correlation study between heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and surgical site infections. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2025;166:46–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2025.08.016. Journal of Hospital Infection | PubMed
57. Jalali Y, Kološová A, Džupa K, et al. Efficacy of Antimicrobial Dry Fog in Improving the Environmental Microbial Burden in an Inpatient Ward. Antibiotics. 2024;13(12):1187. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13121187. MDPI | PubMed Central
58. Verhoeff AP, van Wijnen JH, Boleij JS, Brunekreef B, van Reenen-Hoekstra ES, Samson RA. Enumeration and identification of airborne viable mould propagules in houses. A field comparison of selected techniques. Allergy. 1990;45(4):275–284. DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00496.x. Wiley | PubMed | DOI record
59. Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Corazza M, D'Achille P, Ponticelli C. Environmental detection of Microsporum canis arthrospores in the households of infected cats and dogs. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2003;5(6):323–328. DOI: 10.1016/s1098-612x(03)00071-8. Sage Journals | PubMed Central | PubMed
60. Tanna J, McCann CD, Smith R, et al. Environmental monitoring of current good manufacturing practices cleanroom facilities for manufacturing of cellular therapy products in an academic hospital setting. Cytotherapy. 2024;26(11):1421–1428. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.06.008. ScienceDirect | PubMed Central
61. Cheng VCC, Wong SC, Chen JHK, et al. Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2020;41(5):493–498. DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.58. Cambridge University Press | PubMed Central
62. Montagna MT, Rutigliano S, Trerotoli P, et al. Evaluation of Air Contamination in Orthopaedic Operating Theatres in Hospitals in Southern Italy: The IMPACT Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(19):3581. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193581. MDPI | PubMed Central
63. Buttner MP, Stetzenbach LD. Evaluation of Four Aerobiological Sampling Methods for the Retrieval of Aerosolized Pseudomonas syringae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1991;57(4):1268–1270. DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.4.1268-1270.1991. ASM Journals | PubMed Central
64. Montagna MT, De Giglio O, Cristina ML, et al. Evaluation of Legionella Air Contamination in Healthcare Facilities by Different Sampling Methods: An Italian Multicenter Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017;14(7):670. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070670. MDPI | PubMed Central | PubMed
65. Orpianesi C, Cresci A, La Rosa F, Saltalamacchia G, Tarsi R. Evaluation of microbial contamination in a hospital environment. Comparison between the Surface Air System and the traditional method. Nuovi Annali d’Igiene e Microbiologia. 1983;34(3):171–185. PubMed
66. Lee LD, Delclos G, Berkheiser ML, Barakat MT, Jensen PA. Evaluation of multiple fixed in-room air cleaners with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, in high-occupancy areas of selected commercial indoor environments. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2022;19(1):67–77. DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2021.1991581. Taylor & Francis | PubMed
67. Mehta SK, Bell-Robinson DM, Groves TO, Stetzenbach LD, Pierson DL. Evaluation of portable air samplers for monitoring airborne culturable bacteria. AIHAJ - American Industrial Hygiene Association. 2000;61(6):850–854. DOI: 10.1080/15298660008984597. Taylor & Francis | PubMed
68. Jensen PA. Evaluation of standard and modified sampling heads for the International PBI Surface Air System bioaerosol samplers. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 1995;56(3):272–279. DOI: 10.1080/15428119591017114. Taylor & Francis | PubMed
69. Casini B, Tuvo B, Totaro M, Aquino F, Baggiani A, Privitera G. Evaluation of the Cleaning Procedure Efficacy in Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in Healthcare Facilities Using Cultural Method Associated with High Sensitivity Luminometer for ATP Detection. Pathogens. 2018;7(3):71. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7030071. MDPI | PubMed Central
70. Mehta SK, Mishra SK, Pierson DL. Evaluation of three portable samplers for monitoring airborne fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1996;62(5):1835–1838. DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.5.1835-1838.1996. ASM Journals | PubMed Central | PubMed
71. Adhikari A, Banerjee P, Thornton T, Jones DH, Adeoye C, Sherpa S. Exposure Levels of Airborne Fungi, Bacteria, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Cotton Farms during Cotton Harvesting and Evaluations of N95 Respirators against These Bioaerosols. Microorganisms. 2023;11(6):1561. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061561. MDPI | PubMed Central
72. Perdelli F, Cristina ML, Sartini M, et al. Fungal contamination in hospital environments. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2006;27(1):44–47. DOI: 10.1086/499149. Cambridge University Press | PubMed
73. Eick KL, Gan M, Thompson S, et al. Hospital Environment-Associated Sources of Mycobacterium abscessus Infection in Transplant Recipients. JAMA Network Open. 2026;9(6):e2617898. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.17898. JAMA Network | PubMed Central
74. Bowling FL, Stickings DS, Edwards-Jones V, Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ. Hydrodebridement of wounds: effectiveness in reducing wound bacterial contamination and potential for air bacterial contamination. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 2009;2(1):13. DOI: 10.1186/1757-1146-2-13. Wiley | PubMed Central | PubMed
75. Perrucci A, Magri A, Cardana V, Zoppi S, Cossettini C, Scollo A. Hygiene procedures of trucks transporting live pigs: multi-assessment validation of a standardized C&D protocol. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2026;13:1789484. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1789484. Frontiers | PubMed Central
76. Nardoni S, Mancianti F, Sgorbini M, Taccini F, Corazza M. Identification and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi in three horse stables in Italy. Mycopathologia. 2005;160(1):29–34. DOI: 10.1007/s11046-005-2669-3. Springer Nature | PubMed
77. Setlhare G, Malebo N, Shale K, Lues R. Identification of airborne microbiota in selected areas in a health-care setting in South Africa. BMC Microbiology. 2014;14(1):100. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-100. Springer Nature / BMC | PubMed Central | PubMed
78. Sartini M, Spagnolo AM, Panatto D, Perdelli F, Cristina ML. Improving environmental quality in an operating room: clinical outcomes and economic implications. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene. 2013;54(2):75–79. DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2013.54.2.376. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene | PubMed Central
79. Majić I, Krivohlavek A, Andrić EK, Godec R. Indoor air bacterial and fungal burden in the environment of an atopic child: implications for elevated urine mycotoxin levels. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 2026;77(1):65–72. DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4024. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology | PubMed Central
80. Berardi BM, Leoni E. Indoor air climate and microbiological airborne: contamination in various hospital areas. Zentralblatt für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin. 1993;194(4):405–418. PubMed
81. Fuentes-Ferragud E, López A, Piera JM, et al. Indoor Air Quality and Bioaerosols in Spanish University Classrooms. Toxics. 2024;12(3):227. DOI: 10.3390/toxics12030227. MDPI | PubMed Central
82. Asadi E, Costa JJ, Gameiro da Silva M. Indoor air quality audit implementation in a hotel building in Portugal. Building and Environment. 2011;46(8):1617–1623. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.01.027. ScienceDirect | PubMed Central
83. Krajewska-Kułak E, Łukaszuk C, Hatzopulu A, et al. Indoor air studies of fungi contamination at the Department of Pulmonology and Internal Medicine in Kavala Hospital in Greece. Advances in Medical Sciences. 2009;54(2):264–268. DOI: 10.2478/v10039-009-0048-x. PubMed | Polish Platform of Medical Research
84. Krajewska-Kułak E, Lukaszuk C, Tsokantaridis Ch, et al. Indoor air studies of fungi contamination at the Neonatal Department and Intensive Care Unit an Palliative Care in Kavala Hospital in Greece. Advances in Medical Sciences. 2007;52(Suppl 1):11–14. PubMed
85. Łukaszuk C, Krajewska-Kułak E, Chatzopulu A, Theodosopoulou E, Bousmoukilia S. Indoor air studies of fungi contamination in two kindergartens in Kavala, Greece. Progress in Health Sciences. 2016;6(1):123–129. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.1920. Progress in Health Sciences (article PDF) | DOI record
86. Rolka H, Krajewska-Kułak E, Lukaszuk C, et al. Indoor air studies of fungi contamination of social welfare home in Czerewki in north-east part of Poland. Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w Białymstoku. 2005;50(Suppl 1):26–30. Journal archive (issue PDF) | PubMed
87. Kawakami Y, Takahashi Y. Indoor airborne fungi in the house of a patient with pulmonary aspergillosis. Indoor Environment. 2007;10(2):155–162. DOI: 10.7879/siej2007.10.155. J-STAGE / journal
88. Wong SC, Leung M, Tong DW, et al. Infection control challenges in setting up community isolation and treatment facilities for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Implementation of directly observed environmental disinfection. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2021;42(9):1037–1045. DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.1355. Cambridge University Press | PubMed Central
89. Ahonen M, Mäkinen R, Kivisaari M, et al. Integrated indoor hygiene concept in a kindergarten living lab: effects on microbial load and infection-related absenteeism. Frontiers in Built Environment. 2026;12:1875982. DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2026.1875982. Frontiers
90. Yao M, Mainelis G. Investigation of Cut-Off Sizes and Collection Efficiencies of Portable Microbial Samplers. Aerosol Science and Technology. 2006;40(8):595–606. DOI: 10.1080/02786820600729146. Taylor & Francis
91. Irie K, Scott A, Hasegawa N. Investigation of the detection ability of an intrinsic fluorescence-based bioaerosol detection system for heat-stressed bacteria. PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology. 2014;68(5):478–493. DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2014.01000. PDA Journal | PubMed
92. Caggiano G, Lopuzzo M, Spagnuolo V, et al. Investigations on the Efficacy of Ozone as an Environmental Sanitizer in Large Supermarkets. Pathogens. 2022;11(5):608. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050608. MDPI | PubMed Central
93. Weber CF, Werth JT. Is the lower atmosphere a readily accessible reservoir of culturable, antimicrobial compound-producing Actinomycetales?. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2015;6:802. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00802. Frontiers | PubMed Central
94. Castiglia P, Liguori G, Montagna MT, et al. Italian multicenter study on infection hazards during dental practice: control of environmental microbial contamination in public dental surgeries. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1):187. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-187. Springer Nature / BMC | PubMed Central | PubMed
95. Montagna MT, De Giglio O, Napoli C, et al. Legionella spp. contamination in indoor air: preliminary results of an Italian multicenter study. Epidemiologia e Prevenzione. 2014;38(6 Suppl 2):62–65. PubMed | University of Verona (article PDF)
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Literature review last updated October 5, 2026.

About this scientific literature index study

To qualify for this study, the publication must identify a recognizable SAS model or the SAS / Surface Air System instrument lineage in the study itself and use the sampler to collect data, evaluate its performance, or compare it with another sampling method. A publication is not included simply because it mentions SAS in background discussion or cites an earlier SAS study.

Each citation includes authors, the publication title, journal, year, and volume and page or article details. Direct journal or publisher links appear alongside PubMed, PubMed Central, or institutional records where available. DOI identifiers are included when available. Publication titles are presented alphabetically to make the index easier to scan.

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